| Notes on the Constructivist writing of
Mataruna and Varela by Nick Drury The discussion about the difference between social constructionism and constructivism has been going on for a while here. There is a simple way I keep these 2 schools of thought apart in my mind, although I think they offer a lot to each other. In Maturana and Varela's constructivist writings, they position
the reader in
An organism in Maturana and Varela's (1987)
autopoietic constructivism is informationally closed in the sense
that a kind of solipsism exists for the organism - e.g. the rods and cones
of the eyes are perturbed by light and as a result it's nervous system
constructs a world. To the degree that we don't bump into doors etc, we
are constructing a world that 'fits' with the world being
When Maturana & Varela rose to popularity in family therapy circles in the mid 1980s, it was largely because they seemed to be providing a theoretical foundation for biological and social sciences which could be as secure as that found in physics and chemistry. For their new science (autopoiesis) they said we need to engage in both types of explanation, but not to mix them. But I think many family therapists discovered that providing explanations; either about what was occurring internally to the organism, or between the organism and it's environment, was not a useful therapeutic program. We needed to find a way of being at this point of interaction between these two modes of explanation, outside and inside the organism. By contrast Gergen's social constructionism focuses
upon relationship - upon
As a therapist I find Gergen's system more respectful and useful as it allows the paralogy of 'not knowing' conversation (whether it is a 'duck' or a 'rabbit') to flow. 1. I am using the word 'organism' as their work was primarily aimed at biology in general Realization of the Living. Boston:Reidel. 2. Varela, F.J. (1979). Principles of Biological Autonomy. N.Y.:Elsevier. 3. Maturana, H.R., & Varela, F.J.
(1987). The Tree of Knowledge.
4. Gergen, K. When relationships
generate realities: Therapeutic
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